8.1. CentOS设置程序开机自启动的方法

转自：http://www.centos.bz/2011/09/centos-setup-process-startup-boot/

在CentOS系统下，主要有两种方法设置自己安装的程序开机启动。

/etc/rc.d/rc.local

1、把启动程序的命令添加到/etc/rc.d/rc.local文件中，比如下面的是设置开机启动httpd。

#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.

touch /var/lock/subsys/local
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start

/etc/rc.d/init.d/

2、把写好的启动脚本添加到目录/etc/rc.d/init.d/，然后使用命令chkconfig设置开机启动。

chkconfig 功能说明：检查，设置系统的各种服务。

语法：chkconfig [–add][–del][–list][系统服务] 或 chkconfig [–level <等级代号>][系统服务][on/off/reset]

–add 添加服务 –del 删除服务 –list 查看各服务启动状态

比如我们设置自启动mysql：

#将mysql启动脚本放入所有脚本运行目录/etc/rc.d/init.d中
cp /lamp/mysql-5.0.41/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

#改变权限
chown root.root /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

#所有用户都可以执行，单只有root可以修改
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

#将mysqld 放入linux启动管理体系中
chkconfig --add mysqld

#查看全部服务在各运行级状态
chkconfig --list mysqld

#只要运行级别3启动，其他都关闭
chkconfig --levels 245 mysqld off

例如：我们把httpd的脚本写好后放进/etc/rc.d/init.d/目录，使用

chkconfig --add httpd
chkconfig httpd on

命令即设置好了开机启动。

示例1

我在 10.10.12.10 机器上，做了2个 redis, 让其开机自启动。

[jlch@kube-master-10 ~]$ cat /etc/rc.d/init.d/redis_6379
#!/bin/sh
#Configurations injected by install_server below....

EXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-server
CLIEXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-cli
PIDFILE=/var/run/redis_6379.pid
CONF="/etc/redis/6379.conf"
REDISPORT="6379"
###############
# SysV Init Information
# chkconfig: - 58 74
# description: redis_6379 is the redis daemon.
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: redis_6379
# Required-Start: $network $local_fs $remote_fs
# Required-Stop: $network $local_fs $remote_fs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Should-Start: $syslog $named
# Should-Stop: $syslog $named
# Short-Description: start and stop redis_6379
# Description: Redis daemon
### END INIT INFO


case "$1" in
    start)
        if [ -f $PIDFILE ]
        then
            echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed"
        else
            echo "Starting Redis server..."
            $EXEC $CONF
        fi
        ;;
    stop)
        if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]
        then
            echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running"
        else
            PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)
            echo "Stopping ..."
            $CLIEXEC -p $REDISPORT shutdown
            while [ -x /proc/${PID} ]
            do
                echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown ..."
                sleep 1
            done
            echo "Redis stopped"
        fi
        ;;
    status)
        PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)
        if [ ! -x /proc/${PID} ]
        then
            echo 'Redis is not running'
        else
            echo "Redis is running ($PID)"
        fi
        ;;
    restart)
        $0 stop
        $0 start
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Please use start, stop, restart or status as first argument"
        ;;
esac

示例2

[jlch@kube-master-10 ~]$ cat /etc/rc.d/init.d/redis_6379
#!/bin/sh
#Configurations injected by install_server below....

#EXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-server
EXEC=/opt/redis-4.0.2-haitong/src/redis-server
CLIEXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-cli
PIDFILE=/var/run/redis_6379.pid
#CONF="/etc/redis/6379.conf"
CONF="/opt/redis-4.0.2-haitong/redis.conf"
REDISPORT="6379"
###############
# SysV Init Information
# chkconfig: - 58 74
# description: redis_6379 is the redis daemon.
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: redis_6379
# Required-Start: $network $local_fs $remote_fs
# Required-Stop: $network $local_fs $remote_fs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Should-Start: $syslog $named
# Should-Stop: $syslog $named
# Short-Description: start and stop redis_6379
# Description: Redis daemon
### END INIT INFO


case "$1" in
    start)
        if [ -f $PIDFILE ]
        then
            echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed"
        else
            echo "Starting Redis server..."
            $EXEC $CONF
        fi
        ;;
    stop)
        if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]
        then
            echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running"
        else
            PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)
            echo "Stopping ..."
            $CLIEXEC -p $REDISPORT shutdown
            while [ -x /proc/${PID} ]
            do
                echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown ..."
                sleep 1
            done
            echo "Redis stopped"
        fi
        ;;
    status)
        PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)
        if [ ! -x /proc/${PID} ]
        then
            echo 'Redis is not running'
        else
            echo "Redis is running ($PID)"
        fi
        ;;
    restart)
        $0 stop
        $0 start
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Please use start, stop, restart or status as first argument"
        ;;
esac
[jlch@kube-master-10 ~]$

/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit

3、把启动程序的命令添加到/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit 文件中

脚本/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit，完成系统服务程序启动，如系统环境变量设置、设置系统时钟、加载字体、检查加载文件系统、生成系统启动信息日志文件等

比如我们设置自启动apache：

echo"/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit